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He nui ake te hua o te whakamātatau i ngā tāonga pūngao āhua korepū, i te tāpiritanga o ngā whakamātautau. Ko ngā pūnaha photovoltaic-thermal e whakamahinga ana i ngā pūnaha heat pump he otinga hāngai tonu ki te whakamārama i ngā whare i te pūngao āhua korepū. I rite tonu ki ngā āhua tātai mō te hīkoi, i ngā āhua tātai mō te whakamārama i te ao, ko ngā whakamātautau PVT e whai ana i te hāora me te hīkoi, ā, ko te heat pump e whakakaha ana i ngā hāora iti (hīkoi) kia taea te whakamāhi. I tēnei tāpiritanga, he kaha te whāinga, ā, kua whakamātau kia tika i ngā whakamātautau ōrite i te ao katoa.
Me pēhea te mahi o te Pūnaha Tāpiritanga
Ko te kārihi PVT (Photovoltaic-Thermal) te wāhanga matua o tēnei rāhui, ā, he pūtake ngā pūkoro photovoltaic e whai ana i te kārihi tāwhai hōhā i te taha kōrero. Ko ngā pūkoro PV e whakamahinga ana i te hiko i te wā e tātai ai ngā rā, ā, ko te kārihi tāwhai hōhā e whakamahi ana i te hōhā i whakamātauria mai i ngā pānui, ā, e tuku ana i tēnei ki tēnei rāhui hōhā. Ko te āhua mātua o tēnei hua e rua i tēnei wā, e whakamāngai ana i tēnei o ngā take iti o ngā pūkoro solar PV tātai, arā, te hōhā. I ngā āhua noa o te rāhui whakamāngai PVT, kua whakamātautaua tēnei hiko, ā, ka kitea ko te whai hiko he nui ake te whakamāngai i te whakamahinga o te rāhui whakamāngai PVT.
Ko ngā hōhā i tāwhina mai i te wāhi e whakamāhinga ana, ka whakamāhinga hoki hei pūtake hōhā iti i te rere o te hōhā, ā, he iti ake te tāwhai ki te kōpae. Mo ngā whakamātautau maha, ko ngā hōhā i whakamāhinga mai i te PVT he wāhanga nui o ngā hōhā i tāwhina mai ki te pūnaha. Ko te ara o te wai kia whakauru atu kia rahi ake, hei tauira, e whakamana ana i te whakamāhinga pai ake o ngā pātītī me te whakamāhinga katoa o te takotoranga hei whakamāhinga hōhā, ā, he whakamāhinga i te kōpae kia tāwhai ai i te hāngā o te hāngā, ā, he whakamāhinga hoki i ngā mahi hōhā me ngā mahi hāngā. Ko tēnei whakamāhinga pai o ngā pūnaha e rua nei he rārangi kātahi nei, ā, he whakamāhinga o ngā hōhā kua whakamāhinga hei rākau.
Ngā Huinga Whakamātau mai i ngā whakamātautau ōrite
Ko te whai hua o ngā pūnaha pūhui PVT-heat pump he whakamārama, ā, ko ngā raraunga o te ao tūmatanui e whakamārama ana i tēnei. I te kōhanga kai i te rākau whakamātautau i ngā āhuatanga o te hukapapa, kua whakamātautia ngā pūnaha pūhui – ngā pūnaha kohinga mātātoko PVT 12 kW me te heat pump 10 kW āpana kore – i ngā āhuatanga o te whai hua tāwhai me te whai hua hāngā. Ko te wāhi i roto i te kōhanga kai i tū tonu ki te 10°C ahakoa te wāhi i waho i te -10.5°C i te wā katoa o te hukapapa, ā, i whakamānuihia te 11,253 kWh o te hāngā. I te wā kāore he whai hāngā i ngā wā kāore he whakamahinga, kua whakamānuihia te 11,125 kWh atu, ā, ka tāwhaihia ki te whakamānui hāngā o te tau, ā, ko te whakamānui hāngā o te tau katoa he 22,378 kWh.
I te taha hāngā, i whakamahinga te rōpū PVT i te 3,839 kWh o te hiko i te tau, ā, nā reira i whakamānui i te 36.72% o te hiko katoa i whakamahinga e te pūmahara hōtaka me ngā pūmahara āwhina. Ko te tauāhua o te whāinga (CoP) o ngā wā o te tau he 3.38, ā, i whakaatu ngā rangahau ko te whakauru i ngā kaitohutohu PVT ki te pūmahara hōtaka i ngā āhuatanga makariri he whāinga nui mai i te whakamānui i te whakamahinga hiko me te whakamānui i te whakamāhi i te hiko o te rākau hiko.
I ngā whare pāpara, i whakaatu te rōpū me ngā kaitohutohu PVT o te 392 m² i te CoP o te whakamāhinga i te 5.8 ki te 6.3 i tēnei wāhanga o te wiki. Ko te CoP o te rōpū katoa i tātai ai he 11.4, ā, ko te CoP tauāhua he 5.5. Ko te wā o te whakahoki i ngā utu mo te rōpū he 3.8 tau anō. I tēnei ānuke anō, i whakaatu ngā rangahau ko te CoP tauāhua he 2.92 i te tau mātāmua, 3.69 i te tau mātātahi, me te 3.46 i ngā wā whakawhitinga, ā, ko te whāinga o ngā kaitohutohu PVT he 60.37% i te whāinga hōtaka, ā, ko te whāinga hōtaka me te hiko he 70.12% i ngā marama tauāhua. Ko tēnei hei whakamāhi i ngā whakamāhi me ngā whai pānga ōrau.
Ngā whakamāhi me ngā whai pānga ōrau
Ko ngā pūnaha hāngai PVT-heat pump e taea ana te whakamāhinga tonu mō ngā wāhi e whai ana i te tāpiri a-tau o ngā hāngai mātua, pērā i ngā puna kōpū, ngā whare whakamātautau, me ngā whare pārāwae. I tēnei āhua o ngā pūnaha, e taea ana te whakamāhi i te nuinga, pehea rānei, o ngā hāngai mātua, ā, e taea ana hoki te whakamāhi i te nuinga o ngā whakamātautau mātua i tēnei wāhi i te wā e whakamāhi ana i te ‘matua’ hei pūhanga mō te rā. I ngā tau hākinakina, kua tāwhai ngā PVT-GHPs (Ground Source Heat Pump) i tāwhai ai i te PVT, ā, kua whakamātua ko ngā pūnaha nei he 20% te pai ake o te PVT exergy efficiency, ā, he 25.6% te iti ake o te pātata o te hāngai o te panel PV.
Ko ngā whakamāua i te utu kāore he mea mō te whakamahi i te hiko anake. I tēnei whakamātau i tēnei wāhanga o te pakihi, kua kitea ko te rākau āwhina i whakamāua ai te rere o te hāngai o te hokowhitu o te whenua i tēnei tau ki te 0.4°C anake, ā, ko te wā e taea ai te whakamāua i ngā utu ki te 3.8 tau. I te whakakaha ake i te wāhi i waenganui i ngā whakamātau, kua whakamāua ai te wā e taea ai te whakamāua i ngā utu ki te 18.8%. Ko ngā whakamātau PVT i tātari i ngā pūnaha hiko i whakaatu ai i te whakamāua i te hiko mai i te rākau āwhina ki te 70%, ā, ko ngā whakamāua i ngā whakamāua i te CO₂ me ngā utu o te wā o te ora hoki!
Ngā whāinga mō ngā wā kei muri
Kei te tū te whakawhiti pūngao ki te paepae o tātou, ka kaha ake te whakatinana i ngā ture o te pūngao o ngā whare, ā, ka whai wāhi nui ngā pūnaha papu wera PVT-hybrid. E whakaatu ana hoki te hangarau ka taea te hoahoa i ngā pūnaha pūngao whakahou kia nui ake ai te mahi o ia wāhanga takitahi ina mahi tahi ana ngā pūnaha. Ko te pūnaha papu wera PVT-hybrid he otinga kua whakatūria, he pai ki te taiao, he pai hoki ki te taiao mo te hunga e whakaaro ana ki te haumi i roto i o ratou whare ki te ahuru pūngao.
I whakaturia i te tau 2009 Jiangsu DHC Environmental Si-Tech Co., Ltd kei te mahi me nga hua pūngao matomato. I runga anō i te kounga me ngā ratonga pumau, kei te tuku te kamupene i ngā kōwae solar PVT katoa, ngā papu wera, ngā pūkaha hau me ngā pūhiko LiFePO4 hei whakamahi i roto i ngā pūnaha rārangipāpāho. Karangatia mātou ināianei kia ako ai koe i te āhua o ā mātou rongoā e whakaiti ai i ō utu whakahaere, e tuku ai i tō mana motuhake.
