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Ko te hāngā i te whakamātau i te wāhi o te kaha, me ngā utu iti ake mō te hāora i Ūropi i whakamāngai ai i te whānuitanga o te tāpiri atu ki te SWE. He nui ake ngā whakaaro ki te SWE i Ūropi i runga i te hāngā i te whakamātau i te wāhi o te kaha, me ngā utu iti ake mō te hāora a ngā kaitono whare. Ko tēnei e whakamāngai ana i te whanaketanga tau o te tau (CAGR) o te pāpātanga o ngā whakamātau iti o te kaha i Ūropi ki te 12.6% i te wā o 2024–2033, ā, e whakamārama ana ko te whanaketanga ki te $11.4 piriona o te Dola o Amerika i te tau 2033. I tēnei wā, i te whanaketanga o tēnei pāpātanga, he mea matua kia mātauranga ngā kaimahi o ngā tāpoi whare i ngā āhuatanga mātauranga, ngā ture, me ngā āhuatanga whakamātau o ngā whakamātau iti o te kaha kia whanake ai, kia whakamārama ai i te whakamāramatanga o te iwi, me te whai i tēnei ara whakamātau e taea ana, me ngā utu e taea ana.
Te mātauranga i ngā hāngā o ngā whare o Ūropi
Ngā āhua matua i whakamāngai i te whakamahi i ngā tāwha iti o te hau ki ngā whare o Eropi ko ngā utu aukati o ngā kaha, ngā whāinga kino ki te taiao, me te hiahia ki te whakamāngai i ngā kaha. I konei, ko ngā tāwha iti o te hau, e maha ana i raro i te 50 kW, e whai ana i tēnei wā he wāhanga nui hei whakamāngai i te taiao, he whakamāngai hāngai, he whakamāngai ā-wāhi, he whakamāngai hāngai i te whakamāngai i ngā kaha o tēnei wā i ngā tau e whai mai nei.
I Itālia, ko te mātāwae o ngā kaha o te hau mō ngā whare (ko ngā tāwha iti i raro i te 20 kW) e piki ana tonu, ā, ko ngā wāhanga o ngā whare noho, ngā rōpū iti, me ngā rōpū āhuwhenua iti te take o te piki. I wāhi atu i te whakamāngai o te tāwha o te hau i te wā kāore he mārama, i te pō, i ngā tau hōu, mō ngā tāngata o Eropi i whakamahi i ngā kaha o te rā me te hau, ko te whakamāngai o ēnei e rua he mea matua.
Ko ngā kaiwhakamahi e mātua e mōhiotia ana tēnei. Kāore ngā kaiwhenua e pīrangi ana i tēnei mea te nui, te rūkahu, te whakamā, i rō wāhi noho, i rō te whare. Ko ēnei ngā turipana he rūkahu atu te iti i ō rātou kōpae tāwhai tāwhai, ā, nā te whānui o ngā āhua, ka mahi i ngā wāhi katoa.
Te Whiriwhiri i te Turipana Tika mō ngā Ahuānga Whare
Ko te angitu o tēnei ahua he whāinga o te momo me te rahi o te turipana e whakamahinga ana. Ko ngā turipana tāwhai tāwhai mātua he nui ake, ā, ko ngā turipana tāwhai pūtahi kei te tīmatanga o te whakamāmā i ngā takiwā ātea me ngā takiwā āwhina, nā te hāngai o ngā wāhi rūkahu.
Mō ngā kāinga, he maha ngā whai hua o ngā turangawaewae hau i te tāwhai tuaka. He hau-pīroiroi ngā turangawaewae hau, nō reira e whai ake ana i te hau i tēnei wā. Ko tēnei te take he whai hua i ngā āhua hau pēnei i ngā rohe noho, ā, he pārāwera hau pēnei. He iti ngā teitei, he ≤ 12m, ā, he iti ake i te nuinga o ngā whakaaetanga i te haereere hau me ngā āhua whenua, nō reira he māmā ake te whakaaetanga. I te rere o te tangi he iti ake i te 45 dB i te 20 mita, he whai hua ngā turangawaewae hau mō ngā kura, ngā whare hui, me ngā rohe noho.
He nui ake te whai hua i tēnei whakamātautau i te whanonga o ngā turangawaewae hau iti. He iti ngā kamupīni e whakamahi ana i ngā turangawaewae hau e whakamārama ana i ngā kōhanga, ā, e tuku ana ki ngā kiritaki i ngā pūkoro tāwhai, kia whakamahinga ai i ō rātou āwhina, ā, kia wātea mai ai i ngā utu e whai ana, i ngā āhua hau āpiti.
Te whakamārama i ngā ture me ngā whakaaetanga
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui mō ngā kaitohutohu ko te momo ture mo te tāutanga o ngā pūkaha hau iti i ngā rohe rerekē o Ūropi. Ko te IEC 61400-2 e hāngai ana ki ngā pūkaha hau iti, e whakarato ana i ngā whakaritenga mō te haumaru, te tika hangarau me te whakarite kounga.
Ko te tirotirohanga o te pae tētahi o ngā tūemi mahi matua kia tutuki ai te whakatikatika ture. Ko te kōwhiringa o tētahi akomanga pūkaha e tika ana ka whakaritea e ngā tere hau, te kōhao hau me ngā āwangawanga, ngā āwangawanga rānei i te rohe o te tūnga. Ka rerekē rawa pea ngā ture whakaaetanga puta noa i Uropi. I ētahi mana whakahaere he torutoru ngā whare e taea ana te whakaaetia i raro i te whanaketanga, ā, kāore e hiahiatia kia tono whakaaetanga whakamahere. Me whakamarama e ngā kaituku mahi te ture e whai mana ana i runga i te taumata ā-motu, ā-rohe rānei.
Ko ngā whakaritenga MCS o UK he pūnaha i hangaia ki ngā paerewa MIS 3003.
I Tātari, ko ngā pūhanga iti o te hau e whanake ana i tēnei wā i te māmā o te whakaaetanga i ēnei pūhanga. Me whakamātautau te whakamārama o ngā kōhatu i ngā rōhe katoa. Ko te wā o te whakamārama o ngā kōhatu e whakamāngai ana i tēnei pūhanga e kore e tīnā i te 30 haora i tēnei tau. Me tātari hoki ngā tohutohu o te Tāwhai Ārai Ātea o te Rohe Māori i ngā whakaaetanga ā-ātea me ngā here ā-ātea.
Te whakamāngai i te whai hua o te tāpoi mō ngā kiritaki
He rārangi o ngā wāhi me ngā whakawātea, ngā whakawātea moni o ngā pūhanga iti o te hau. Me whakamātautau te whai hua i mua i te whakamutunga o te whakaaetanga, ā, me uru mai ngā whārite pērā i te hau tāwhai, te āhua o te whakamahinga o ngā wāhanga hiko i roto i ngā rohe o te pūhanga PV (e mōhiotia ana hei “te ōwehe o ngā kWh i whakamahinga ai”), me ngā utu hiko o te rohe.
Ngā tautoko i tohua ana, e tohua ana i tēnei rohe. I Wallonia, he tautoko whakamātau mō ngā rōpū iti me ngā rōpū iti-iti (SMEs) (20%). I Brussels, he āwhina pūtea kākāriki (1.81 i te MWh) mō ngā tau 10, ā, i Flanders, he āwhina VEA (i te huinga o €74 i te MWh) mō ngā tau 10. He āwhina tonu hoki te whakamātautau a te kāwanatanga o te whenua o te 13.5% (25% i mua i te 2022) mō ngā SMEs. I tēnei wā, ko te utu o ngā whakamātautau iti o Tiamani i te wāhi o te €8.38 ct/kWh, ā, he whakamātautau iti tonu i tēnei wā. Ko ngā whakamātautau iti he whakamātautau pai, nā te mea ka taea ngā kaiwhakamahi āwhenua te whakamātautau i ō rātou utu hiko, ā, ka taea te whakamātautau i te 30%, ā, ko ngā wā whakamātautau i te nuinga o ngā tau 10.
I tē tau 2009, kua whakamātau a Jiangsu DHC Environmental Si-Tech Co., Ltd. ki te whakaputanga i ngā whakarewa huinga hau me te rā, me ngā turu hau iti, ngā pānui rā, me ngā pūhiko LiFePO₄ mō te whakamātautau i te whare. Ka tāwhai a DHC i ngā ratonga pai me ngā ratonga e whai ana i te kiritaki ki ngā kaiwhakamahi āropā o Tāwhai, kia whakamārama ai i a rātou kia tukuna ai ngā whakarewa eneretika āhua korepānga ki ngā whare o Tāwhai.
